Endocrine Abstracts

The term polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PAS) is used when there is a dysfunction of two or more endocrine glands associated with circulating antibodies directed at organspecific included glands. Neufeld and Blizzard classified PAS into two categories: type I and type II with the newly added category, type III, which does not include the adrenal cortex. PAS III includes several autoimmune diseases (autoimmune thyroiditis, immune-mediated diabetes mellitus, pernicious anemia...

Craniopharyngiomas are rare tumors that in a high percentage of patients leads to damage of periventricular nucleus and suprachiasmatic nucleus, what leads to the development of hypothalamic obesity. Hypotalamic obesity is associated with numerous metabolic disorders. Regardless of the numerous studies of new therapeutic approaches, there is still no official approved effective (phramacological or bariatric) treatment for hypotalamic obesity. Liraglutide is an GLP-1 analogue t...

B-pancreatic cells are programmed to react to plasma glucose level with insulin secretion. Insulin secretion is precisely regulated and in the physiological conditions fasting glucose levels are maintained in the range 3.5–5.5 mmol/l. In hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, a disorder of the regulation of insulin secretion, insulin secretion continues at low concentrations of plasma glucose. In adults hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia is the cause of 0.5 to 5.0% of hypoglicaemias a...